Ibintu nyamukuru n'isesengura ry'ibikorwa ry'uguhitamwo ibikoresho vy'impuzu zishobora gufutwa

Nk’aho ari ikintu nyamukuru gikoreshwa mu buhinga bw’ibikoresho vya none, imyenda ishobora gufutwa iragira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bushobozi bw’ibintu no ku buzima. Impuzu zishobora gufutwa zikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho vyo hanze, mu bikoresho vyo gufasha mu buvuzi, no mu bikoresho vyo kwisamaza no kwisamaza kubera ko zidakomeye cane, zishobora gutwara, kandi zikora neza. Iki kiganiro kiratohoza mu buryo butunganye ingamba zo guhitamwo ibikoresho vyo gukoresha mu gupfuka imyenda bivuye mu nzira zitatu: imiterere y’ibikoresho, ibisabwa kugira ngo bikore, n’ukuntu bishobora guhuza n’ibidukikije.

Uvuye ku bijanye n’ibikoresho vy’ishimikiro, imyenda yo muri iki gihe ishobora gufutwa ikoresha canecane amapolymere nk’ibikoresho vyayo nyamukuru. Impuzu zipfutswe na polyurethane (PU)-, kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwiza cane bwo gukomera no guhangana n’ugusenyuka, zacitse ikintu gikundwa cane mu bikoresho vyo hagati- n’ivyo hejuru-. Ico kintu kiguma kidashobora gushika neza cane mu gihe gishobora kwihanganira ingorane z’ubuhinga ziterwa n’ugusubiramwo n’ugusubira inyuma kw’umuyaga. Mu kugereranya, igipande ca polyethylene (PE), naho kidahenda cane, kirashikirwa n’ubugoyagoye bwo gukomera no kudatoboka bihagije, ivyo bikaba bituma kidashobora gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bisaba gukoreshwa igihe kirekire-. Ikizwi ni uko ukuza kw’ibikoresho bishasha vy’ivyuma bita thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) vyatumye bishobora guhangana n’ibihe n’ibidukikije biciye mu guhindura neza imiterere y’ibihimba, n’ingendo y’ugusenyuka hafi 40% ikaba ari ngufi kuruta iyo ibikoresho vya kera vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma.

Guhitamwo ibikoresho bishingiye ku bikorwa-bitegerezwa gushira imbere ibisabwa vyihariye vy'ikoreshwa ry'ibintu. Mu bijanye no gutabara abantu hanze, ibikoresho nk’ibitanda bishobora gufutwa bisaba imyenda ikomeye kandi ishobora guhumeka. Igishushanyo c’ibice bibiri-ni umuti mwiza: igitambaro c’ishimikiro c’inylon 210D c’igice co hanze kiratuma amarira ashobora guhangana n’amarira, mu gihe igice c’imbere gikoreshwa igipande ca PU gifise amabara makeyi kugira ngo bishobore guhindura gazi. Ku bikoresho vyo gukina mu mazi, nk’impuzu zo gukingira ubuzima zishobora gufutwa, guhitamwo ibikoresho bitegerezwa gushira imbere uburinganire hagati y’uguterera n’ugutahura kw’urukoba-. Mu bisanzwe, igipfukisho ca EVA gifise uburemere bwa 0,91 g/cm3 gipfutse n’igitambaro gipfutse PVC-. Ivyo bituma haba uburemere bw’amazi bugera kuri 0,024 m3 mu gihe bituma umuntu agira umunezero biciye ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo ku ruhande. Amaterasi y’umuyaga yo mu buvuzi asaba mbere n’ibintu vyinshi cane ku bijanye n’uguhuza n’ibinyabuzima. Impuzu zipfutse silikoni-y’agaciro k’ubuvuzi, kubera ko zidashobora gutera indwara kandi zishobora gutera inda, zacitse ikintu gisanzwe mu bitaro.

Ugushobora guhindura ibidukikije ni ikintu gihambaye cane mu guhitamwo ibikoresho. Ivyo kwikingira izuba bifise igikoresho co gukingira izuba (UPF) ca 50+ birashobora gutuma umuntu asaza buhoro cane mu bibanza vy’umuco w’izuba biri hejuru cane. Ku bikorwa vy’ubushuhe buke-, igikoresho c’imipira gihinduwe gishizwemwo nanoparticules za boron carbide gishobora kugabanya ubushuhe bwaco bushobora gusenyuka bukaja munsi ya -40℃, bikaba bishobora guhinduka mu bihe vy’ubukonje bukaze. Mu bidukikije vyo mu kiyaga, imyenda ikozwe mu bihimba vy’umubiri ivuwe n’uburinzi butatu (anti-ububi, anti-salt spray, n’anti-algae) irashobora gushika ku mfuruka zikorana n’ubutaka zirenga degre 115 , bikagabanya cane urugero rw’ugusenyuka kw’amazi y’ikiyaga. Amakuru yo muri laboratwari yerekana ko inyuma y’amasaha 500 umuntu yibiye mu mazi, igitigiri c’amazi asohoka mu bitambaro vyakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa nano-hydrophobic kiguma kiri hagati ya 3% n’agaciro k’intango.

Ubuhinga bushasha bw’ibikoresho buriko buratuma habaho iterambere ridahera mu buhinga bw’ibitambaro bishobora gufutwa. Ubushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa polyurethanes bishingiye ku binyabuzima-vyashitse ku ntego y’intango. Uruvyaro rushasha rw’ibikoresho bikozwe mu mavuta y’ibimera rufise 62% vy’ibirenge vy’umuyagankuba mu gihe ruguma rufise ubushobozi bwo gukora bugereranywa n’ubwo mu bwoko bwa polyurethane bwa kera. Ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho vy'ukwibuka imiterere ritanga ubushobozi bwo kwivura ku mpuzu. Iyo habonetse ko hariho ivyago bitobito -biri munsi ya 0,5 mm, ivyo bitambaro birashobora gusanurwa mu gusubira gukoranya iminyororo yavyo y’ibihimba biciye mu gushushanya ahantu. Iterambere ry’ibitambaro bigenzura umuvuduko w’ubwenge-bishiramwo ubuhinga bwo kwibuka imiterere bw’imitsi y’ivyuma bihindura ubwo nyene ugufungura n’ugufunga kw’ibihengeri vy’impwemu bishingiye ku mpinduka z’umuvuduko wo mu bidukikije. Ubu buhinga bwaciye bwinjiye mu gihe co kugerageza mu mirima mu bijanye n’indege.

Gufata ingingo mu buryo bwa siyansi-mu guhitamwo ibikoresho bisaba uburyo bwo gusuzuma butunganye. Igenzura ryuzuye rirasabwa ku nzego zitatu: igerageza ry’ishimikiro ry’imiterere y’umubiri (harimwo inkomezi z’ugukomera zirengeye canke zingana na 200N/5cm n’inkomezi zo gutabura zirengeye canke zingana na 50N), igenzura ry’ibikorwa (igerageza ry’ubudahangarwa bw’ikirere: kugumana umuvuduko urengeye hoqua canke d4out). n’ugupima gukura vyihuta (amasaha 72 y’uguca ibibatsi kw’itara rya xenon, bingana n’imyaka itatu y’ugukura kw’ibisanzwe). Ku bijanye n’ugugura vyinshi, ivyerekanwa bitobito-vy’ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibidukikije na vyo nyene bikwiye gukorwa, harimwo n’uguhindura ubushuhe kuva kuri -30 degrees gushika kuri 70 degrees n’igerageza ry’ugukomera ku 85% vy’ubukonje.

Ubu, uguhitamwo ibikoresho vy’impuzu zishobora gufutwa vyahindutse kuva ku buryo bumwe-bw’ibikorwa bishika ku buryo bw’uburinganire bw’ibikorwa vy’ingero nyinshi-. Kubera iterambere mu buhinga bw’ibikoresho, iterambere ryo muri kazoza rizoba ryibanda ku guhuza neza ibikoresho vy’uburemere buke n’ubukomezi bwinshi, gukoresha ku rugero runini-ibikoresho bibungabunga ibidukikije, no guhingura ibikorwa vy’inyishu z’ubwenge. Igihe bahitamwo impuzu zishobora gufutwa, abakoresha b'abahinga bakwiye gutegura uburyo bwo gufata ingingo bufise ibipimo bitatu bushiramwo ibipimo vy'ibikoresho, igiciro{7}}ubushobozi, n'ibidukikije bishingiye ku vyo gushira imbere mu bikorwa vy'ikoreshwa ry'ibintu vyihariye, gutyo bagashika ku guhuza neza hagati y'agaciro k'ibikorwa n'agaciro k'ibikorwa.